Estate friendliness
3.9 /5
Composite of estate-tax presence, probate cost, UPC adoption, and timeline for Montana.
MT · State estate & inheritance tax
Montana estate tax, inheritance tax & probate costs
Exemptions, rates, and probate costs for Montana (MT), current as of May 2026 - in plain language, from IRS Statistics of Income data and Montana fee schedules.
Data updated 2026-05-15
- None
- State estate tax
- $15M
- Federal exemption applies
- None
- Inheritance tax
- 6–12 mo
- Typical probate timeline
The verdict
Montana levies neither a state estate tax nor an inheritance tax, and probate typically takes about 9 months.
- 3.9/5
- Estate-friendliness score
- $15M
- Only the federal exemption applies
- 6–12 mo
- Probate timeline
- No
- State inheritance tax
Estate-friendliness blends tax presence, probate cost and timeline. Montana ranks ahead of 18 states on tax burden alone.
State Estate Tax
No State Estate Tax
Only federal estate tax applies (a permanent $15M exemption per person, 2026)
Inheritance Tax
No Inheritance Tax
Beneficiaries owe no state inheritance tax in Montana
Probate Costs
Filing Fee $50–$200
Attorney Fee hourly
Timeline 6–12 months
Small Estate Threshold $100,000
UPC state. Affidavit for personal property under $100,000
Probate Code
Uniform Probate Code Adopted (1974)
Montana has adopted the Uniform Probate Code, which simplifies probate procedures and provides standardized rules for estate administration.
Property System
Community Property No (Common Law)
Montana follows common law (separate property) rules. Each spouse owns property individually unless jointly titled, which affects how assets pass through an estate.
Estate-tax exemption
None (federal only)
Only the federal $15M exemption applies in Montana.
Probate window
6-12 months
Filing-to-final-distribution range, varies with estate complexity & creditor claims.
Probate cost relative to estate value - Montana 4.0%
National median
Attorney fees negotiated rather than statutory, actual percentage varies by engagement.
Federal estate-tax returns filed - Montana
Returns filed by state residents, by IRS filing year
Montana probate timeline
Months from filing to distribution, minimum, typical, and maximum
Federal Estate Tax Filings - Montana
IRS Statistics of Income data showing estate tax returns filed by Montana residents.
| Filing Year | Returns Filed | Gross Estate | Net Tax Paid | State Death Tax |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 33 | $0.8B | $0.1B | - |
| 2022 | 28 | $0.6B | N/A | - |
| 2021 | 20 | $0.4B | N/A | - |
Source: IRS Statistics of Income - Estate Tax Returns Filed (Table 2, by State of Residence). Dollar amounts in thousands. State rate / exemption tables compiled from Tax Foundation 2024 Estate & Inheritance Tax Survey.
What the Montana Estate Data Reveals
Montana imposes no state estate tax, so federal law under IRC § 2001 is the only estate-level levy that applies. With a permanent federal exemption of $15M per decedent from 2026, after the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (July 2025) repealed the scheduled TCJA sunset, the vast majority of Montana estates clear probate without owing estate tax at any level. Montana's common-law property rules keep each spouse's individually titled assets separate, so how property is titled still determines what passes through probate here. There is no separate inheritance tax, so beneficiaries receive their share without a second state-level deduction at distribution.
IRS Statistics of Income data show 33 federal estate tax returns filed by Montana residents in the most recent available year (filing year 2023), reporting $0.81 billion in combined gross estate value. Net federal estate tax paid totaled $0.10 billion that year. Across the multi-year IRS SOI series above, Montana averages roughly 27 taxable filings per year, with an effective federal rate on reported gross estates of about 5.8%.
Probate itself typically runs 6–12 months in Montana (roughly 9 months on average), with court filing fees of $50–$200. Attorney fees are negotiated rather than statutory, so engagement letters and hourly-vs-flat structures matter more to the total bill. Montana does offer a simplified small-estate track for estates under $100,000, which most families use to bypass full formal probate. Because Montana has adopted the Uniform Probate Code (since 1974), procedures are broadly standardized across counties. As a common-law (separate property) state, Montana treats each spouse's holdings individually unless jointly titled, so titling choices drive what actually enters the probate estate.
Estimate Your Montana Estate Tax
Use our calculator to estimate estate tax liability in Montana and compare it to other states.
Calculate for MontanaWhat this means in Montana
Montana adds no state-level death tax, your planning centers on the federal $15M exemption and probate.
- No state estate tax means only estates above the federal $15M exemption owe anything. Estimate the tax
- Plan for a probate timeline of 6–12 mo - small estates may qualify for a faster simplified process. How probate works
- Compare Montana against other states before relocating or planning a transfer. See the rankings
General information from public data, not legal or tax advice. Consult a qualified estate-planning attorney for your situation.
Montana Estate Tax FAQs
Does Montana have an estate tax?
No. Montana does not have a state estate tax. Only the federal estate tax applies (a permanent $15M exemption per person from 2026). This makes Montana more favorable for estate planning compared to the 13 states that do impose a state estate tax. Probate attorney fees here are negotiated (hourly or flat) rather than fixed by statute, on top of modest court filing fees.
Does Montana have an inheritance tax?
No. Montana does not impose a state inheritance tax on beneficiaries. Unlike an estate tax (paid by the estate), an inheritance tax is paid by the person receiving the assets. Only six states currently levy this tax. Montana has adopted the Uniform Probate Code (since 1974), which standardizes procedures statewide.
How long does probate take in Montana?
Probate in Montana typically takes 6 to 12 months. Estates under $100,000 may qualify for a simplified small estate procedure, which is significantly faster.
How much does probate cost in Montana?
Court filing fees in Montana range from $50 to $200. Attorney fees are usually based on reasonable hourly rates or negotiated flat fees.
Can you avoid probate in Montana?
Yes. Common probate avoidance strategies in Montana include revocable living trusts, transfer-on-death (TOD) deeds for real estate, payable-on-death (POD) accounts for bank and investment accounts, and joint ownership with right of survivorship. Montana also offers a simplified process for small estates under $100,000.
What happened to the 2026 federal estate tax sunset, and how does it affect Montana residents?
The TCJA provisions were scheduled to sunset after December 31, 2025, which would have cut the federal exemption from $13,990,000 to roughly $7,000,000 per person. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (Pub. L. 119-21), signed July 4, 2025, repealed that sunset and set a permanent $15,000,000 per-individual exemption effective January 1, 2026, indexed for inflation. Because Montana has no state estate tax, only the federal exemption applies, and the permanent $15,000,000 threshold means very few Montana estates owe federal estate tax.
Related Guides
Estate Planning Basics
Wills, trusts, and asset protection fundamentals
How Probate WorksStep-by-step probate process and timelines
How to Avoid ProbateLiving trusts, TOD deeds, and other strategies
The 2026 Estate Tax Sunset, RepealedWhy the sunset never happened and the permanent $15M exemption
Explore more: Highest estate-tax states ·
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Estate tax calculator
Related
Data sourced from official IRS Statistics of Income and state probate fee schedules. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainEstate Editorial.
Notice a figure that looks out of date, such as a state changing its exemption or rate? Report it via the contact page and we'll verify it against the source and correct it, per our editorial policy.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or tax advice. Consult a qualified estate-planning attorney or tax professional before making decisions based on this data.
Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.
Data sources used on this page
- IRS Statistics of Income (SOI) - Estate Tax - federal estate-tax returns filed by state, gross estate and net tax. irs.gov/statistics/estate-tax
- IRS Form 706 - federal estate-tax exemption and filing thresholds by year. irs.gov/forms-pubs/f706
- Tax Foundation, State Estate & Inheritance Tax Survey - state exemptions, rates and inheritance schedules. taxfoundation.org
- State probate statutes & fee schedules - filing fees, attorney/executor fees, small-estate thresholds and timelines, compiled per state.
Every figure on PlainEstate is rendered directly from IRS Statistics of Income and state statutory data, no number is typed in by an editor. This page draws directly on IRS Statistics of Income and state statutory data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error. Data current as of May 2026.